Breaking the Enigma code
Polish contribution to victory

Andrzej Dabrowa, Ph.D.

Enigma machine M Rajewski H Zygalski J. Rozycki
Chapters
  1. Synopsis
  2. Historical background
  3. Breaking the Enigma Code
  4. Polish decrypting effort 1930-1939
  5. Polish decrypting effort 1939-1945
  6. English decrypting effort - the beginnings
  7. England - Bletchley Park
  8. United States in the secret war
  9. Battle of Britain
  10. British northeast Africa
  11. Invasion of French northwest Africa
  12. Battle of the Atlantic
  13. Battle of the terror weapons V1 & V2
  14. German atrocities
  15. Enigma security
  16. Conclusion
  17. Epilogue
  18. Glossary and abbreviations
  19. References

18. Glossary and abbreviations

The following is a list of terms used commonly in the signal intelligence community.

Abwehr secret intelligence service of the German High Command
Banburisimus a method of attacking daily naval Enigma keys using perforated sheets made at Banbury (see sheets made by H. Zygalski)
Bomba electro-mechanical machine developed by the Polish cryptographers before WW2 and used to break Enigma settings. It consisted of six Enigmas geared and wired together
Bombe electro-mechanical machine developed by the British cryptographers to break the daily Enigma settings
Cillies/sillies procedural error made by Enigma operators before sending a message combining
(1) a recognisable instead of random choice of message settings and
(2) failure to alter the wheel positions much or at all
Cipher substitution of letters or numbers for the plain text message in order to hide the true letters
Code substitution of groups of two or more letters or numbers for the letters, numbers, words, phrases etc in the message to make them compatible with the transmission system
Crib the guessed plain language German text of a message which matched up with a stretch of cipher text
Code book book in two volumes, each arranged in alphabetical order; one for encrypting the plain text and the other for decrypting the encrypted text
Code breaker someone who breaks an enemy code (cipher) system
Cryptoanalysis the technique of breaking codes or ciphers
Cryptogram a coded or encrypted message
Decrypt/decode transform encrypted/encoded text into plain text
Discriminant a group of three letters specifying which key is to be used for Enigma setting
Encrypt/encode transform plain text into an encrypted/encoded text
Enigma the cipher machine used, in various forms, for most communications by the German armed services and several government departments
CG&CS Government Code and Cipher School; often used as a cover name for the decrypting organisation
Herivel tip a particular chance that a lazy or incompetent Enigma operator, after selecting the wheels, wheel order, and wheel settings as specified by the procedure might leave them in (or near) that position instead of turning them to a random setting
Hut housing at Bletchley Park; most of the early work was done in "temporary" huts to which particular sections were assigned. This designation became a cover-name and moved with the sections when they relocated to the solidly built new blocks
Indicator the letters included in the encrypted/encoded message which indicate to the recipient the equipment setting
Key machine set-up used in common by a group of Enigma users
Setting the positions to which the variable elements in Enigma machine were set. These included selection, of wheels, wheel order, wheel position and plug-board connections
SLU Special Liaison Unit responsible for the distribution of ULTRA intelligence
Stecker the plug board on an Enigma, used to scramble the identity of letters before and after passing through the Enigma rotors
ULTRA British cover name for all high grade intelligence derived from many sources, including Enigma
W/T wireless telegraphy
Y interception of radio signals and the decryption of low and medium level codes and ciphers

(c) 2003 A R Dabrowa